Novel and promising approaches in COVID-19 treatment. (COVID-19 dedicated issue.)

Novel coronavirus or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes severe respiratory infectious disease, known as coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Over the past few months, a considerable rise in the incidence rate and prevalence of COVID-19 infection have been witnessed. Considering the high disease burden and rapid spread of the COVID-19 and no effective treatment is currently existing, stem cells, engineered nanobiomaterials, natural killer cells based therapy, RNA metabolites and extracellular vesicles are promising alternatives to tackle devastating epidemic. This review spotlights the applications and potential of above-mentioned methods in the treatment of COVID-19.

Necessity of different countries to deal with similar phenomena of COVID-19 Coronavirus

The new outbreak of the Covid-19 virus from Wuhan, China, has shown to the world that a nanometer-sized biological particle can disrupt the entire health related and subsequently the economy, and even political relationships and infrastructures of countries. It may seem optimistic that such phenomenons should not magnify to the public because of intense fear and horror that creates, but on the other hand, illness mortality is almost as widespread as a war of attrition in all countries. In addition, its high mortality rate, even among physicians and nurses, suggests that a strange biological event with high genetic diversity has occurred at an unbelievably high transmission rate (Chen et al., 2020;Guo et al., 2020;Ji et al., 2020;Zhou et al., 2020). What was most clear to us at the time was that there was no consensus and scientific policy on the agreement in dealing with the virus. Different countries initially ordered a local and regional quarantine or even the whole country by hasty decisions, vice versa, in some countries;the decision was to permit the virus freely contaminate the sensitive humans until to be controlled by herd immunity. Therefore, different countries have adopted their own approaches to this issue. However, what to do? Alternatively, was it possible to make good scientific decisions based on the development of diagnostic and laboratory infrastructures, especially in the field of biological weapons or similar events? Perhaps the question should be asked this way. Are there well-developed laboratory, therapeutic, and hygienic infrastructures for such emerging biological phenomena in all countries? Given that, a few months after the outbreak and despite previous knowledge of the coronavirus family by scientific societies, its diagnostic kits and other rapid diagnostics are still deficient. Certainly, officials and decision makers in the health ministries should plan for a more scientific and practical approaches in dealing with similar issues in the future. In this regard, it should be noted that there is a need for reference laboratories with all the modern diagnostic facilities and techniques.